Social Ontology – Cambridge Element

Social ontology is the study of the nature of the social world. The aim of this Element is to provide an overview of this burgeoning field, and also to map the questions that theories in social ontology address. When we encounter a theory of some social thing—groups, law, gender, etc.—how are we to read it? What classes of theories have been explored and abandoned, and what classes are new and promising? The Element is structured by distinguishing theories of social construction from theories that characterize the products of social construction. For each, the Element works through a “toy” theory and then discusses features that more realistic theories ought to include. Three running examples are discussed throughout the Element: (1) Property, or ownership; (2) Race, or racialized kinds; (3) Collective attitudes (i.e., beliefs, desires, knowledge, intentions, etc., of groups and organizations).